The American home purchase, explained for Europeans
Eight things that genuinely differ from what you know — costs, process, and timelines stated before you ever fill in a form.
01
The mortgage nobody in Europe has
The American 30-year fixed-rate mortgage exists as a mainstream product only in the United States. The interest rate you sign is the rate you keep for the entire 30 years — there is no Zinsbindung expiring, no follow-up financing, no reset risk in year 10. If rates fall, you may refinance; if they rise, your payment does not move.
02
Buying with no US credit history
American lenders rely on the FICO score (300–850), used by 90% of top lenders — and no European credit system transfers into it. That does not close the door: foreign-national mortgage programs qualify you on foreign income and assets with 20–40% down, ITIN loans serve buyers without a Social Security number, some lenders accept international credit reports, and seller financing or cash are always open. One honest caution: since May 2025, FHA loans are closed to non-permanent-resident visa holders. Work-visa holders (H-1B, L-1) qualify through W-2 income; green-card holders are treated the same as citizens.
03
Who pays your agent — the 2026 rules, plainly
Since the national settlement took effect on August 17, 2024, listing databases may no longer advertise buyer-agent compensation, and Ohio law (HB 466) requires a written buyer-broker agreement — stating exactly what your agent is paid — before your first private showing. Sellers can still agree to cover that compensation; it is simply negotiated openly in your offer. For context, the average buyer-agent commission was 2.82% in February 2026, with both sides together averaging about 5.70%. Commissions are not set by law and are fully negotiable.
04
Nobody here is your Notar — who does what instead
No neutral state notary drafts or authenticates an American purchase. Instead: a title company searches the title, insures it (title insurance), and runs the escrow closing; your buyer’s agent drives the transaction; and Ohio is a “title-company state,” so an attorney is not required. America’s roughly 3 million “notaries public” are only signature witnesses — the legal protection you are used to comes from title insurance and escrow instead.
05
How fast it moves
A financed purchase typically runs 30–45 days from accepted offer to keys; cash closes in about 7–21 days. Shortly after acceptance you deposit earnest money — commonly 1–3% of the price — into escrow. It is not an extra fee: it is credited back to you at closing, and it is separate from your down payment.
06
The inspection contingency — your safety net
Within a negotiated 7–10-day window after your offer is accepted, a licensed inspector you hire (typically $300–500, average about $343) examines the house. Based on the written report you may accept the home, negotiate repairs or credits, or withdraw and receive your earnest money back. For buyers from systems with no cooling-off period after notarization, this is the reassuring part of the American process.
07
Closing costs, itemized before you commit
Total closing costs typically run 2–5% of the loan amount. The main lines: lender’s title insurance about $300–700; an owner’s title policy of $400–800+ (optional, and recommended); escrow/settlement fee $350–1,000; plus 2–6 months of property tax and insurance paid into escrow up front. Compared with German purchase costs of 5.5–12.5%, closing a purchase here is often the cheaper part.
08
Property tax and insurance — the honest picture
Ohio property tax is a real annual cost: the state’s effective rate averages about 1.31–1.36%, and Hamilton County runs roughly 1.44–1.53% depending on school district (published district rates range from about 1.42% to 2.34%). On the county’s median home value of $225,700 that is roughly $3,461 per year. Homeowner’s insurance is required by every lender (though not by law); standard policies exclude flood and earthquake, and Midwest wind/hail deductibles of 1–5% of insured value are increasingly standard — Ohio averages around 20 tornadoes a year, so insurers price the weather honestly, and so do we.
Figures above are typical published ranges from US national sources (NAR, federal agencies, mortgage and tax references), current as of July 2026 — not quotes. Every transaction is itemized individually before you commit to anything.